William cbabb



. UNITED STATES PATENT" OFFiC WILLIAM omen, or NEWARK, New JERSEY.

TOOTH FOR GI LLING HACK LING MACHINES.

srncrrrcnrroiv formingpart of Iietters Patent No. 287,506, datedApplication filed August 17, 1883. (N0 model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WVrLLIAM-CRABaa citizenof the United States, residing in the cityof Newark, in the county ofEssex and State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Teethfor Gilling and Hackling Machines, of which thefollowing is a specification.

I My, invention relates more especially to that cl ass of combingapparatussu ch as hacklin g,

gilling, and similar machinesin which fibrous substances are treated .toobtain parallelism and uniformity of arrangement of the fibers, althoughit is equally applicable to a variety of other machines of substantiallythe same operation and construction. 'Its object is to obtain asubstitute tooth to take the place of those broken or worn out in use,which may be made from the same sized Wire, and which shall bepractically the equivalent of the original or preceding teeth in sizeand uniformity, and at the same time shall fittightly and com- 7 mountedso as to project in rows from suitable beds or backings, usuallyformedof iron or other comparatively soft metal, while the teeth afterhaving the proper shape imparted to them are usually hardened beforeuse. The

teeth themselves are usually made from wire of standard sizes, varyingmore or less according to the style of machine and the nature of thework to be done, but always being uniform" in diameter for anyprescribed purpose. While the outer or upper ends areformedand'sharpened according to the particular purpose for which they aredesigned, their inner or lower extremities are left cylindrical forthefull diameter of the original wire, and these cylindrical ends areinserted into cylindrical holes or sockets in the base-pieces, whichpractically correspond in diameter to .the size of the wire,

used; but the holes or sockets are always made sufficiently tight andsmall to necessitate the ened tooth intoplace, otherwise the latterwould soon work loose when subjected to use. It is obvious that in thussecuring the original teeth in position the comparatively-soft substanceof the bed-pieces or backing must be compressed more or less around thehard October .30, 188 3.

body of the tooth, and consequently when the latter is forced therefromits socket or hole will be of larger area than it was originally. 5 5

For this reason it has heretofore been practically impossible to replacethe old teeth with new ones made from the same standard of wire, sincethe cylindrical part of the new tooth of standard size will fit butloosely in the old that used for the preceding teeth; butiin such, 6 5 7cases the shanks or cylindrical portions of the new'teeth have to beground down orotherwise reduced in diameter to bring them within propersize for engagement with the sockets, 7 since the enlargementof thelatter from the cause set forth is, while sufficient to prevent the useof the old diameter of cylindrical shank, still very slight. p

My invention consists in a tooth formed in the usual manner fromcylindrical wire, but having the shank or portion which is designed torest in the bed or plate flattened or otherwise distorted from itsoriginal shape while the blank is in a soft state, in such manner thatitwill present in cross-section an increased radial projection at one ormore points, so that when tempered or hardened and driven into thesocket vacated by a discarded tooth,

it may be made to displace or compress more or less of the materialconstituting the walls of the socket, and thus secure for itself apermanent and rigid attachment.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a'longitudinal section of aportion of one of the cross-bars or backings in which the teeth 0 aremounted for use" in that class of combingmachines in which the combsthus'formed are carried upon an endless belt. Fig.2 is aview of theunder side of the portion shown in Fig.

1. Fig. 3 is an elevation, enlarged, of one of 5 the ordinary teeth; andFig. 4, a plan of aportion of one of the cross-pieces or backings;showing the usual cylindrical holes or sockets for the reception of theshanks of the teeth. Figs. 5 and 6 are, respectively, elevations atright angles with relation to each other of my improved substitutetooth; and Fig. 7, aview dotted lines.

In the drawings, A A represent portions of the ordinary cross-pieces orcomb-backs,

formed with the usual cylindrical holes or sockets, a, for the receptionof the teeth 13. The latter are formed in the usual manner fromuntempered cylindrical wire, the upper or projecting ends being reducedand sharpened by grinding. The shanks b, however,of the duplicate teeth13, instead of being leftcylindrical,asheretofore,aresubjectedtopressure in such manner thattheir shape in crosssection is changed so as to present augmented radialextensions in one or more directions. This is preferably done by simplyflattening the shank b by hammering, passing between rollers, 'or otherwell-known means. The blanks or teeth thus as a whole are then subjectedto any of the well-known processes of hardening or tempering. lVhen theoriginal or preceding teeth B, which Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are designedto show, have become worn or broken, or for any reason need replacing,they are forced out of the sockets a in the crossbars, leaving the saidsockets slightly increased in area as compared with their originalcondition. Into the sockets thus vacated the shanks b of my substituteteeth 13 are forced, their increased radial projection in one or moredirections compressing and displacing the comparatively-soft materialcomposing the adjoining walls of the sockets, somewhat in the mannerindicated in Fig. 7, in which the previous circular form of the socketsis indicated by the dotted lines. The supplementary teeth thus forcedinto position are held as firm and rigid by the cross-bars as theoriginal teeth, and, being made of the same standard of wire, and theirform above the shank being identical, they practically constituteperfect duplicates or substitutes, which can be made and applied ascheaply as the originals. It is obvious that the same result may beattained by other means than that of simply flattening the cylindricalshank-as for instance, by any change in shape in the cross-section ofthe original shank, as will be seen by reference to Figs. 8 and 9and Ido not, therefore,wish to confine myself to any particular configurationof shank; but

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

As an article of manufacture, a substitute tooth for replacing the teethof gilling, hacklin g, and similar machines for treating fibroussubstances, made from cylindrical wire of the same diameter as theoriginal tceth,and formed with a shank having one or more radialprojections, which exceed the radius of the hole or socket into which itis to be forced, substantially in the manner and for the purposedescribed.

"WILLIAM CRABB.

Witnesses:

Gno. W. MIATT, WM. GARDNER.

